Effect of Salicylic Acid, 2,4-D and 2i-P on the Production of Secondary Metabolites in Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. Callus

Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Salicylic acid, 2,4-D and 2-iP on the production of total phenolic and flavonoids as well in the levels of fukugetin and 7-epiclusianone in callus of Garcinia brasiliensis zygotic embryos. For this, Bacupari callus were exposed to different concentrations (0.0; 0.1; 1; 10; 100 µM) of Salicylic acid (SA) in the presence or in the absence of 72 μM 2-iP and 28.73 μM 2,4-D. The highest concentration of total phenolic occurred in the treatment with 100 μM SA in callus subcultured in the absence of 2,4-D and 2-iP, and with 10 μM SA in callus subcultured in the presence of these regulators. Concerning flavonoids, 2,4-D and 2-iP supplementation without the presence of the SA was sufficient for the highest levels. Additionally, it was possible to identify the fukugetin and 7-epiclusianone. However, the variation in the levels was very high, especially for the fukugetin. Therefore, in most treatments, there was no statistically difference. Except for the treatment with 10 μM SA + 2,4-D and 2-iP, where there was a significant increase in 7-epiclusianone.

Growth curve, biochemical profile and phytochemical analyses in calli obtained from the procambium segments of Bacupari

Garcinia brasiliensis, popularly known as Bacupari, is native to the Amazon and commonly used in folk medicine for its therapeutic properties. This plant is rich in bioactive compounds like benzophenones. However, there are no works about the in vitro establishment and achievement of secondary metabolites in this plant. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the growth curve and to perform the biochemical and phytochemical analyses in calli obtained from the procambium segments of Bacupari. The growth curve of calli followed a sigmoidal pattern, with four distinct phases (lag, exponential, linear, deceleration). Total soluble sugars were higher on the inoculation day and the reducing sugars on the 20 th day. Amino acids increased from the 60 th day up to the stabilization on the 120 th day. The protein content varied, but it seemed to be related to the amino acids metabolism. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the calli and the HPLC analysis allowed the identification of Fukugetin, Guttiferone A and 7-epiclusianone.